100 Mile House's origins as a Canadian settlement go back to the fur trade. It acquired its name during the Cariboo Gold Rush as it was 100 miles along the Gold Rush Trail which originated at Lillooet (the most northerly navigable point on the Fraser River).

Today 100 Mile House remains an important service centre for the South Cariboo and presently has close to 2,000 residents, serving a trading area of about ten times that number. This includes 108 Mile Ranch, the largest residential centre between Kamloops, British Columbia and Williams Lake.

It is a centre for outdoor activities and is becoming increasingly known for its richness of bird life. The Cariboo ski marathon attrracts a large and international field of cross-country (Nordic) skiers.

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