Aelius was the nomen of the ancient Roman gens Aelia.
- P. Aelius Paetus, consul 337 BC
- C. Aelius Paetus, consul 286 BC
- P. Aelius Q.f. Paetus, consul 201 BC
- Sex. Aelius Q.f. Paetus Catus, 198 BC
- P. Aelius P.f. Ligus, consul 172 BC
- Q. Aelius Paetus, consul 167 BC
- Lucius Aelius Stilo, philologist
- Quintus Aelius Tubero, consul 11 BC
- Lucius Aelius Lamia, consul 3 AD
- Sextus Aelius Catus, consul 4 AD
- Lucius Aelius Sejanus, praetorian prefect under Tiberius
- Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (Hadrian), emperor
- Lucius Aelius Caesar, Hadrian heir, consul 137
- Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, emperor
- Lucius Aelius Verus, co-emperor of Marcus Aurelius
- Aelius Aristides, rhetor
- Aelius Dionysius, scholar
- Aelius Donatus, grammarian
- Aelius Spartianus, historian
- Aelius Theon
The Pons Aelius, now called the Ponte San Angelo, is a bridge in Rome built by Hadrian.
