Alexander of Aphrodisias, pupil of Aristocles of Messene, the most celebrated of the Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle, and styled, by way of pre-eminence, o exegetes ("the expositor"), was a native of Aphrodisias in Caria.
He came to Athens towards the end of the 2nd century AD, became head of the Lyceum and lectured on peripatetic philosophy. The object of his work was to free the doctrine from the syncretism of Ammonius and to reproduce the pure doctrine of Aristotle. Commentaries by Alexander on the following works of Aristotle are still extant:
- the Analytica Priora, i
- the Topica
- the Meteorologica
- the De Sensu
- the Metaphysica, i-v, together with an abridgment of what he wrote on the remaining books of the Metaphysica.
Several of Alexander's works were published in the Aldine edition of Aristotle, Venice, 1495-1498; his De Fato and De Anima were printed along with the works of Themistius at Venice (1534); the former work, which has been translated into Latin by Grotius and also by Schulthess, was edited by J. C. Orelli, Zurich, 1824; and his commentaries on the Metaphysica by H. Bonitz, Berlin, 1847. J. Nourisson has treated of his doctrine of fate (De la liberte et du hazard, Paris, 1870). In the early Renaissance his doctrine of the soul's mortality was adopted by F. Pomponazzi against the Thomists and the Averroists.
See also Alexandrists, Pietro Pomonazzi. Also A. Apelt, Die Schrift d. Alex. v. Aphr., Philolegus, xlv., 1886: C. Ruelle, Alex. d'Aphr. et le pretendu Alex. d'Alexandrie, Rev. des etudes grecques, v., 1892; E. Zeller's Outlines of Gk. Phil. (Eng. trans., ed. 1905, p. 296).
Initial text from 1911 encyclopedia