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Amongst voting systems, consider first past the post voting, instant runoff voting, accumulative voting and approval voting. These four systems can be recast, so that voters could choose which to use before they vote: FPTPV, IRV, ACCV and APPV can be remade to be different facets of the same core system.
To show this, an example of a vertical ballot and a horizontal equivalent.
Table of contents |
2 : 3 Which system is best? |
BALLOT KR Vertical
DD [___] Camel
EE [___] Horse
FF [___] Donkey
GG [___] Ass
HH [___] Mule
JJ [___] Mustang
KK [___] Camel
FPPV BALLOT ____ KR Horizontal DD EE FF GG HH JJ KK ___ ___ ___ ___ __x ___ ___
IRVN Optional __ KR Horizontal DD EE FF GG HH JJ KK __2 ___ ___ ___ __1 ___ __3
IRVK Compulsary_ KR Horizontal DD EE FF GG HH JJ KK __2 __7 __5 __6 __1 __4 __3
CUM3 Cummulative KR Horizontal DD EE FF GG HH JJ KK ___ ___ ___ ___ xxx ___ ___
CUM1 Cummulative KR Horizontal DD EE FF GG HH JJ KK __x ___ ___ ___ _xx ___ ___
APRV Approval __ KR Horizontal DD EE FF GG HH JJ KK __x ___ ___ ___ __x ___ __x
Preferential Voting (IRV) usually does not allow numbers to be duplicated. If it did allow this, then an IRV 1,1,1 would be equivalent to a APRV X,X,X.
Conversely, Approval voting usually only allows X's. If Approval Voting allow numbers, then you would have option preferential voting IRVO.
The main reason for only allowing for numbers or X's as the case may be, is primarily to suit the mechanics of the tabulation of the votes. Old mechanical voting machines that might handle Cummulative voting are out of their deepth whn it comes to Instant Runoff Voting.
Note the if you have Full Compulsory IRV, then all other systems are ... cannot think of right word ... degraded/less-than-full-featured/disabled/whatever.
Note the if you have Full Compulsary IRV, then you have enough infrastructure to handle the other systems listed.