Fernand Oury (1920 - 1997) was a pedagogue and creator of the Ecole Modern, recommending (and putting into practice) a "school of the people", where the children are no longer the passive ones "taught", but the people with a whole share in managing their trainings and the everyday life of their classes. Oury intended this to occur by means of pupil's councils, school funds, and individualized trainings.

He was the brother of the French psychoanalyst and founder of the La Borde Clinic, Jean Oury.