James Alexander Seddon (13 July, 1815 - 19 August, 1880), born in Falmouth, Stafford County, Virginia, was an American lawyer and politican who was appointed as Secretary of War by Jefferson Davis in the American Civil War. As a member of the Democratic party, he was served two terms in Congress.

Seddon attended the peace convention held in Washington in 1861, which attempted to devise a means of preventing the American Civil War, and in the same year, he attended the Provisional Confederate Congress.

Along with other famous Confederates such as Robert E. Lee, Seddon was charged with "conspiring to injure the health and destroy the lives of United States soldiers held as prisoners by the Confederate States".