Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index Users of Neo-Latin have taken the Latin language to places the Romans never went; hence a need arose to make Latin names of cities that did not exist when Latin was a living language. The first places that needed Latin names were encountered by Bible translators, who had a need to figure out what to call the many place names in the Bible in Latin. They either reworked the place names into Latin or Greek shapes; in one version, Jerusalem becomes Hierosolyma. Or, they adopted them directly, often treating the new place names as indeclinable nouns; here Jerusalem is brought over as Ierusalem. Similar strategies are used with United States and North America and other place names that Latin writers needed to give Latin names to. A number of methods are used: A classical ending such as -um or -a is added or substituted on the end of the source word. Hence Baltimorum for "Baltimore," Albania for "Albany." The words already fit into Latin declensions, as do Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Atlanta. Calques are resorted to if the New World name is based on an Old World name; the various Parises in the United States are likely to become Lutetia, and Novum Eboracum or Neo-Eboracum represents New York, because Eboracum is the city of York in England. The words are respelled to eliminate non-Latin sounds; hence Washington becomes Vasingtonium. The words are adjusted to fit Latin declensions; Kansas appears as either Cansas, Cansatis or Cansa, Cansae; Chicago, Ohio, and Idaho become consonant stems, with genitives Chicagonis, Ohionis, Idahonis, &c. The words are re-interpreted to fit Latin declensions; Illinois is treated as a third-declension noun. The words are treated as indeclinable, like some Biblical names; Connecticut is sometimes treated this way. In many cases, there is no consensus as to how to treat any given names, and variants exist. If a university or the see of a bishop is in a town, the odds increase that there is a standard form hallowed by usage. Note that names of cities are usually feminine in gender in Latin, despite ending in -us. This rule is not always strictly observed in the New World There are latin forms of Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, and other Oceanian-South Pacific communities as well. One example is London, Ontario which can be translateable to Londinium in Latin, while the rest of the other non-Latin languages like Greek and French for other Londons that are not London, England is spelt "London" (from English). Here are the names that are listed in Latin and its modern meaning on the right for the world, except for Europe, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Kurdistan. This list includes Azerbaijan, Kurdistan southeast of Arbil, Abkhazia, Chechnya, Tatarstan, Dagestan, Malta and Pantelleria, and the whole of Kazakhstan, and Russia east of the ural mountains. Latin Name English Name, [other name(s)], [older name(s)], [province], [state] Alexandria (Aegyptus)¹ Alexandria (Al-Iskandriyah), Egypt Alexandria (Colombia Bretannicum) Alexandria, British Columbia Alexandria (Ontario) Alexandria, Ontario Alexandria (Virginia) Alexandria, Virginia Algeris Algiers, Algeria Arbela, Arbila Erbil, Arbil Ascalon Ashkelon, Israel Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia Augusta Augusta, Maine Baltimorum, Baltimori Baltimore, Maryland Bona Aera Buenos Aires, Argentina Cansae, Civitas Kansas City Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Civitas Alphabeticum Alphabet City (New York, New York Civita California California City, California Citiva? Florida Florida City, Florida Civita Oklahoma Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Citiva Panama Panama City, Florida Columbus Columbus, North Carolina Corpus Christi Corpus Christi, Texas Damascus Damascus (Dimashq), Syria Edessa Sanli Urfa Flumen Januarii Rio de Janeiro Hippo Regius Bone, Algeria Hierosolyma² Jerusalem Indianapolis (4) Indianapolis, Indiana Jericho² Jericho, West Bank (Palestine) Leptis Magna, Lepcis Magna near Tripoli, Libya Londinium, Africa Australia London, South Africa Londinium (Ontario) London, Ontario Ludovicopolis Louisville, Kentucky Marathon (Ontario) Marathon, Ontario Medaba Mecca (Makkah), Saudi Arabia Medina, Arabia Medina, Saudi Arabia Medina, Nova Eburaca Medina, New York Mons Regius Montreal, Quebec Minneapolis (4) Minneapolis, Minnesota Nova Aurelia, Novum Aurelium New Orleans, Louisiana Novum Baltimorum New Baltimore, Michigan Novis? Hamburgensis New Hamburg, Ontario Novum Eboracum New York, New York Novum Londinium* New London, Connecticut Olympia (Vasingtonia) Olympia, Washington Philadelphia¹ (America) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia Amman, Jordan Phoenix¹, Arizona Phoenix, Arizona Praetoria? Pretoria, South Africa Providenia? Provideniya, Russia, west of Alaska Providentia Providence, Rhode Island Sancti Spiriti Sancti Spiriti, Argentina Sarnia Sarnia, Ontario Tempe (Arizona) Tempe, Arizona Tiberias Tiberias (Teverya), Israel Tingis Tangier, Morocco Tripoli¹ Tripoli, Libya Tunis Tunis, Tunisia Vasingtonium Washington, DC or Novo Londinio 1 - Latinized form of the Greek-derived name. 2 - Latinized form of a Hebrew derived name 3 - Latinized form of an Amerindian languages-derived name. 4 - only polis is a Greek derived name. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it. See also: List of Roman place names in Britain Latin names of European cities Latin names of European rivers Latin names of geographical features Latin names of islands Latin names of lakes Latin names of mountains Latin names of regions Latin names of rivers Roman place names External Links http://www.columbia.edu This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.