Oxbow is an unincorporated town located in Baker County, Oregon. By some accounts, Hells Canyon is defined as starting just outside of Oxbow.

Oxbow is situated at the intersection of Oregon State Hwys 71 and 86, along the Snake River, at the site of the Oxbow Dam, along the border between Oregon and Idaho. It's approximately 17 miles northeast of the nearest incorporated town of Halfway, Oregon, and 142 miles north and slightly east of Boise, Idaho.