Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index The Republic of Paraguay is a landlocked republic in South America. Lying on both banks of the Paraguay River, it borders Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the northeast and Bolivia to the northwest. República del Paraguay (In Detail) National motto: None Official languages Spanish and Guarani Capital Asunción President Nicanor Duarte Frutos Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 58th 406,750 km² 2.3% Population  - Total (2002)  - Density Ranked 100th 5,734,139 14/km² Independence  - Date From Spain May 15, 1811 Currency Guarani Time zone UTC -4 National anthem Paraguayos, República o Muerte Internet TLD .PY Calling code 595 Table of contents 1 History 2 Politics 3 Departments 4 Geography 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 Culture 8 Miscellaneous topics 9 External Links History Main article: History of Paraguay Europeans first arrived in the area in the early 16th century and the settlement of Asuncion was founded in 1537. The city eventually became the centre of a Spanish colonial province, as well as a primary site of the Jesuit missions and settlements in South America in the 18th century. Paraguay declared its independence by overthrowing the local Spanish authorities on May 15, 1811. In the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1865-1870), Paraguay lost two-thirds of all adult males and much of its territory. It stagnated economically for the next half century. In the Chaco War of 1932-1935, large, economically important areas were won from Bolivia. The 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner was overthrown in 1989, and, despite a marked increase in political infighting in recent years, relatively free and regular presidential elections have been held since then. Politics Main article: Politics of Paraguay Paraguay's highly centralised and often dictatorial government was fundamentally changed by the 1992 constitution, which provides for a division of powers. The president and vice president are elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms, after which the president appoints a cabinet. The president functions as both head of state and head of government. The bicameral parliament, the Congress or Congreso, consists of an 80-member Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) and a 45-member Senate (Cámara de Senadores), elected concurrently with the president through a proportional representation system. Deputies are elected by department and senators nationwide, both for five-year terms. Each of Paraguay's 17 departments is headed by a popularly elected governor. Paraguay's highest court is the Supreme Court. The Senate and the president select its nine members on the basis of recommendations from a constitutionally created Magistrates Council. A Paraguayan peculiarity is its flag, which features a slightly different design on the reverse side. Departments Main article: Departments of Paraguay Paraguay consists of 17 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital city, marked by a *: Alto Paraguay Alto Parana Amambay Asuncion * Boqueron Caaguazu Caazapa Canindeyu Central Concepcion Cordillera Guaira Itapua Misiones Neembucu Paraguari Presidente Hayes San Pedro Geography Main article: Geography of Paraguay The Paraguayan landscape consists of grassy plains and wooded hills in the region east of Paraguay River that divides the country in two; the region west of the river, the (Gran) Chaco features mostly low, marshy plains near the river and dry forest and thorny scrub further west. The highest point is the Cerro Pero (Cerro Tres Kandu) at 842 m. The southeastern border is formed by the Parana River, containing the impressive Itaipu dam it shares with Brazil. It is currently the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world, generating nearly all of Paraguay's electricity. The local climate ranges from subtropical to temperate, with substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, though becoming semi-arid in the far west. Economy Main article: Economy of Paraguay Paraguay has a market economy marked by a large informal sector. The informal sector features both re-export of imported consumer goods to neighbouring countries as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain. A large percentage of the population derives their living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. The formal economy grew by an average of about 3% annually in 1995-1997, but GDP declined slightly in 1998, 1999, and 2000. On a per capita basis, real income has stagnated at 1980 levels. Most observers attribute Paraguay's poor economic performance to political uncertainty, corruption, lack of progress on structural reform, substantial internal and external debt, and deficient infrastructure. Demographics Main article: Demographics of Paraguay Ethnically, culturally, and socially, Paraguay has one of the most homogeneous populations in Latin America. About 95% of the people are mestizos of mixed Spanish and Guarani Indian descent. Little trace is left of the original Guarani culture except the language, which is understood by 90% of the population. About 75% of all Paraguayans speak Spanish. Guarani and Spanish are official languages. Germans, Japanese, Koreans, ethnic Chinese, Arabs, Brazilians, and Argentines are among those who have settled in Paraguay and they have to an extent retained their respective languages. Paraguay's population is distributed unevenly throughout the country. The vast majority of the people live in the eastern region, most within 160 kilometers of Asuncion, the capital and largest city. The Chaco, which accounts for about 60% of the territory, is home to less than 2% of the population. The country is predominantly Roman Catholic, with some Mennonite and other Protestant minorities. Culture Main article: Culture of Paraguay Holidays Date English Name Local Name Remarks January 1 New Year's Day Nuevo Año January 6 Three Kings Day Día de Tres Reyes February 3 San Blas San Blas March 1 Heroes' Day Día de héroes May 1 Labor Day Día de labor May 14 Flag Day Día de la bandera May 15 Independence Day Día de Independencia June 12 Chaco Armistice Armisticio de Chaco August 15 Founding of Asuncion Fundación de Asunción August 16 Children's Day Día de niños No school for elementary children September 29 Boqueron Battle Day Día de la batalla de Boquerón December 8 Virgin of Caacupe Virgen de Caacupe Immaculate Conception December 25 Christmas Day Día de Navidad List of Paraguayans Guarani mythology Music of Paraguay Miscellaneous topics Communications in Paraguay Transportation in Paraguay Military of Paraguay Foreign relations of Paraguay External Links Portal del Gobierno Electrónico - Official governmental portal World-wide press freedom index - Rank 32 out of 139 countries Recipes for Chipas, a cheese and cornmeal bread. The American School of Asuncion. Countries of the world  |  South America This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.