A person devoted to and producing results in philosophy.

Western philosophers in (approximate) historical order

The Presocratics -- Socrates -- Plato -- Aristotle -- Epicurus -- Hellenistic Philosophy -- Avicenna -- Rhazes --Cicero -- Augustine of Hippo -- Anselm -- Aquinas -- William of Ockham -- Francis Bacon -- Sir Thomas Browne--Thomas Hobbes -- Rene Descartes -- Nicolas Malebranche -- Baruch Spinoza -- Gottfried Leibniz -- Blaise Pascal -- John Locke -- George Berkeley -- David Hume -- Thomas Reid -- Dugald Stewart -- Jean Jacques Rousseau -- Charl du Montesquieu -- Voltaire -- Immanuel Kant -- Gottlieb Fichte -- Georg Hegel -- James Mill -- John Stuart Mill -- Karl Marx -- Arthur Schopenhauer -- Søren Kierkegaard -- Friedrich Nietzsche -- Gottlob Frege -- Rudolf Steiner -- Albert Schweizer -- Bertrand Russell -- Alfred North Whitehead -- Karl Popper -- -- G. E. Moore -- Ludwig Wittgenstein -- Rudolph Carnap -- Jean-Paul Sartre -- Albert Camus -- Georg Henrik von Wright -- Mortimer Adler -- W. V. O. Quine -- Nelson Goodman -- Imre Lakatos -- Paul Feyerabend -- Mario Bunge -- Douglas Hofstadter -- Daniel Dennett -- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

Eastern philosophers in approximate historical order:

Gautama Buddha -- Confucius -- Lao Zi -- Mencius -- Zhuang Zi -- Xun Zi -- Bodhidharma -- Dogen -- Zhu Xi -- Feng Yulan

Philosophers: listed by philosophical school

See Philosophical Movements.

Nicknames of Medieval Philosophers

Several medieval philosophers have been given Latin nicknames by historians. For example:
  • Francis Mayron - Doctor acutus, the acute doctor, or Doctor illuminatus
  • St. Thomas Aquinas - Doctor Angelicus, the angelic doctor, or Doctor Communis
  • William of Ockham - Doctor Invincibilis
  • Alexander of Hales - Doctor Irrefragibilis
  • Roger Bacon - Doctor Mirabilis, the wonderful doctor
  • John Bassol - Doctor Ordinatissimus, the most methodical doctor
  • St. Bonaventure - Doctor Seraphicus
  • Henry Goethals (Hendricus Bonicollius) - Doctor Solemnis, the solemn doctor
  • Richard Middleton - the solid doctor, or the profound doctor
  • Duns Scotus - Doctor Subtilis, the discriminating doctor, or Doctor Marianus
  • Albertus Magnus - Doctor Universalis
  • Durandus de Sancto Portiano - the most resolute doctor
  • Thomas Bradwardine - the profound doctor
  • Jean Ruysbroeck (Joannes Ruysbrokius) - the divine doctor

See Also: Philosophy, Eastern philosophy, Epistemology, Ethics, Metaphysics, Aesthetics, Ontology, Reason, Mathematicians, Scientists, List of philosophers


The Philosopher is also the nickname of Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 22.