Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (1640-September 28, 1702), English statesman, was the son of Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland and Dorothy Sidney. He served as Secretary of State to two English monarchs and as Lord Chamberlain to William of Orange

He married Anne Digby (died 1715), daughter of the 2nd Earl of Bristol on June 10, 1665. His second son Charles succeeded him as the 3rd Earl of Sunderland.