Magadha was an ancient kingdom of India, mentioned in both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.

It comprised that portion of Bihar lying south of the Ganges, with its capital at Pataliputra (modern Patna).

As the scene of many incidents in the life of Gautama Buddha, it was a holy land. It was also the seat of the Maurya Empire, founded by Chandragupta, which extended over all India under Asoka; and, later, of the powerful Gupta Empire.