The 19th century movement Pan-Slavism was an aspect of romantic nationalism. The political legitimacy of the state was seen as a natural ("organic") consequence of race; in the spirit of Romanticism and opposed to Enlightenment rationalism. The actual political movement arose in the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires. The first Pan-Slav convention was held in Prague in 1848 and was specifically anti-Russian. The relationship of the Russians and the Russian Empire to the movement was always troubled.
Like other romantic nationalist movements, scholars in the developing fields of history, philology, and folklore actively encouraged feelings of shared identity.
- the Balkan Wars
- WWI
- the creation of Yugoslavia after WWI
