The Soyuz human spaceflight program was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the Luna program that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.

This objective was abandoned when technological problems meant that the US would reach the moon first, and Soyuz then developed into a variety of projects (both military and civilian), mostly in conjunction with space stations.

As of 2003, Soyuz derivatives provide Russia's human spaceflight capability and are used to ferry personnel and supplies to and from the International Space Station

Soyuz missions include:

Vostok program Voskhod program Soyuz program