Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Cowpens, after the Battle of Cowpens during the American Revolutionary War.
- The first Cowpens (CVL-25) was a light aircraft carrier active in World War II and decommissioned in 1946.
- The second Cowpens (CG-63) is a guided missile cruiser commissioned in 1991 and on active service as of 2003.