(4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - other centuries)
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD)
Events:
- The first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome over dominance in western Mediterranean
- Rome conquers Spain
- Great Wall of China begun
- Indian traders regularly visited Arabia
- The Ptolemaic dynasty rules Egypt
- Apollonius of Perga, mathematician
- Archimedes of Syracuse, mathematician, physicist, and engineer
- Euclid, mathematician
- Hannibal, military leader of Carthage
- Qin Shi Huang Di, Chinese emperor
- Eratosthenes accurately calculates diameter of the Earth